How to maintain the automatic lathe for turning the inner ring of rolling bearings

The automatic lathe for turning the inner ring of rolling bearings is a precision machining equipment, and its maintenance needs to revolve around mechanical accuracy, electrical stability, lubrication system, and safe operation. Regular maintenance not only extends the lifespan of the equipment, but also ensures the dimensional accuracy and surface quality of the processed bearing inner rings. Here is the specific maintenance plan:

1. Daily maintenance (per shift/day)

Cleaning and dust prevention of machine tool surface: Use a dry cloth to wipe the guide rail, slider, spindle box and other parts, remove chips, oil and dust, and avoid particles from entering the transmission components.

Cutting area: Use compressed air to blow away residue from the spindle taper hole, turret, tailstock, and other parts to prevent hard particles from scratching the guide rail or chuck.

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Coolant system: Check the liquid level, replenish or replace the coolant in a timely manner, and avoid bacterial growth that may cause corrosion or odor.

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Lubrication check manual lubrication points: manually add lubricating oil (such as ISO VG32 guide oil) to X/Z-axis guide rails, lead screws, spindle bearings, and other parts to ensure sufficient lubrication.

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Automatic lubrication system: Check whether the oil pump and distributor are working properly, observe whether the oil pipe is blocked or leaking oil, and record whether the lubrication cycle meets the set requirements.

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Fastener inspection: Check whether the fixing bolts of the turret, tailstock, chuck and other components are loose, especially in high-frequency vibration parts (such as the spindle pulley).

. Regularly tighten key bolts (such as spindle motor installation bolts) with a torque wrench to prevent displacement caused by vibration.

Safety device test manually triggers the emergency stop button to confirm that the machine tool can immediately stop all actions.

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Check if the safety functions such as interlocking of protective doors and grating protection are functioning properly to prevent operators from entering dangerous areas by mistake.

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2. Weekly Maintenance

Spindle Maintenance: Clean the spindle taper hole: Use a special cleaning rod dipped in alcohol to wipe the spindle taper hole, remove cutting fluid residue and metal powder, and prevent scratching of the workpiece or tool.

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Check spindle vibration: Run the spindle to the maximum speed and measure the radial runout with a dial gauge (should be ≤ 0.005mm). If there is an abnormality, adjust the bearing preload or replace the bearing.

. Belt tension adjustment: Check if the spindle belt is loose and adjust the tension according to the instructions (usually using a spring scale to measure the belt sag).

Guide rail and screw maintenance Guide rail scraper cleaning: Use a soft bristled brush to remove chips from the scraper plates on both sides of the guide rail to prevent hard particles from wearing down the guide rail surface.

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Inspection of screw protection cover: Confirm that the protection cover is not damaged to prevent cutting fluid or dust from entering the screw pair, which may cause increased wear.

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Guide rail oil film inspection: Apply a thin layer of lubricating oil on the surface of the guide rail, observe whether the oil film is uniform, and increase the lubrication frequency if dry spots appear.

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Electrical system inspection: Check if the wiring terminals of components such as motors, drivers, and sensors are loose, and tighten them again with an insulated screwdriver.

. Cleaning of cooling fan: Use compressed air to blow away dust from the cooling fan in the driver, transformer, and other parts to prevent overheating alarms. Grounding resistance test: Use a grounding resistance tester to measure the grounding resistance of the machine tool (should be ≤ 4 Ω) to ensure effective anti-static and leakage protection.

Third, monthly maintenance (monthly)

Hydraulic system maintenance oil cleanliness testing: Take a hydraulic oil sample and filter it with filter paper to observe the size of impurities. If it exceeds NAS level 9, replace the hydraulic oil (ISO VG46 anti-wear hydraulic oil is recommended).

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Filter replacement: Replace the hydraulic station suction filter and return filter to prevent impurities from entering the system and damaging the pump or valve.

. Seal inspection: Check whether the sealing rings at the hydraulic cylinder and pipeline joints are aging and leaking oil, and replace the O-ring or combination gasket in a timely manner.

Pneumatic system maintenance air filter drainage: Open the air source triple piece drainage valve, drain the condensed water, and prevent moisture from entering the cylinder or solenoid valve and causing corrosion.

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Oil Mister Refilling: Add turbine oil (such as ISO VG32) to the oil mister to ensure that pneumatic components (such as cylinders and spindle brakes) are adequately lubricated.

. Tracheal examination: Check for aging and cracking of the trachea, especially in frequently bent areas, and replace damaged trachea in a timely manner. Mechanical accuracy calibration and repeated positioning accuracy detection: Use a laser interferometer to measure the positioning accuracy and repeated positioning accuracy of the X/Z axis (should be ≤ 0.005mm). If it exceeds the tolerance, adjust the grating ruler or screw pitch compensation.

Tailstock concentricity calibration: Fix the dial gauge on the spindle, measure the radial runout of the tailstock tip (should be ≤ 0.01mm), and correct it by adjusting the tailstock guide rail slider.

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Knife turret tool change time test: Record the knife turret tool change time (usually ≤ 2 seconds), and if it is extended, check the clutch or hydraulic cylinder performance.

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Fourth, quarterly maintenance (every quarter)

Main shaft bearing replacement (preventive) According to the processing intensity, disassemble the main shaft every 6-12 months, check the clearance and preload of the front and rear bearings (such as P4 grade angular contact ball bearings), and replace them if there is abnormal noise or vibration.

. When replacing bearings, use a heater to evenly heat the bearings to 100-120 ℃ to avoid local overheating and annealing.

Electrical component aging detection contactor contact inspection: Use a multimeter to measure the resistance of the contactor coil, observe whether there are burn marks on the contacts, and replace the contactor if necessary.

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Servo drive parameter backup: Backup the drive parameters through the manufacturer's software to prevent accidental loss and processing abnormalities.

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Cable insulation test: Use a megohmmeter to measure the insulation resistance of the motor cable (should be ≥ 1M Ω), and replace the cable if it is lower than the standard.

. Deep cleaning of cooling system and water tank cleaning: Drain the coolant, clean the algae and iron filings on the inner wall of the water tank with a brush, and install a magnetic separator before refilling with new coolant.

Nozzle unclogging: Use a fine needle to unclog the coolant nozzle, ensuring sufficient cooling in the cutting area and avoiding thermal deformation of the workpiece.

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Fifth, Annual Maintenance (Every Year)

Overhaul and Refurbishment of Guide Rail Pair Replacement: If the wear of the guide rail exceeds 0.1mm, it needs to be replaced with a new one and scraped again to ensure that the contact area is ≥ 80%.

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Screw pair replacement: Check the pre tightening force of the screw nut. If the clearance exceeds 0.05mm, the screw pair needs to be replaced or the pre tightening nut needs to be adjusted.

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Machine tool horizontal calibration: Use a frame level to adjust the machine tool anchor bolts, ensuring that the X/Z axis levelness is ≤ 0.02mm/1000mm.

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CNC system upgrade: Contact the manufacturer to upgrade the CNC system software, fix known vulnerabilities, optimize machining parameters, and improve equipment stability and machining efficiency.

. Backup all machining programs and system settings to prevent data loss during the upgrade process.

6. Maintenance precautions

Safety first: Before maintenance, the power and gas sources must be cut off, and a "Do not close" warning sign must be hung to prevent accidental start-up.

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Special tools: Use the manufacturer's special tools (such as spindle claw disassembly tools) to avoid damaging precision components.

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Record archiving: Establish and maintain archives, record the time of each maintenance